Wednesday, 1 June 2016

THE EVIDENCE OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE WORLD


                     THE EVIDENCE OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE WORLD
I’m Kiwale Brasto, Festo. @ 2016
Ruaha Catholic University- Iringa, Tanzania
Published from Kiwale Company Publishers
This handout is here to help all people, therefore all right reserved no one would be allowed to copy, print, or any kind of plagiarism is involved, but read then leave it as it is.

Introduction
Water pollution is the discharge into water of substances that cause unfavorable changes in its quantity and quality of the organisms living in the water. OR
Water pollution is the presence of any foreign substances (organic, inorganic or biological) in water which tends to degrade the quality of water hence constitutes hazard on impact the usefulness of water.
Water pollution can be caused by sewage from domestic households, factories and commercial buildings sewage that is treated in water treatment plants is often disposed into the sea, dumping solid wasted by humans in rivers, lakes and oceans, industrial waste from factories which use fresh water to carry waste from the plant into rivers contaminates water with pollutants such as Lead, mercury and petrochemicals, oil pollution caused by oil spills from tankers and oil from ship travel and burning of fossil fuels into air causes the formation of acidic rains.
 Also water pollution can affect ground water contamination from pesticide causes reproductive damage within wild life in ecosystem, sewage, fertilizers and agricultural runoff contain organic materials that when discharged into waters, swimming in and drinking contaminated water causes skin rashes and health problems like cancer, and ecosystems are destroyed by the rising temperature in water as coral reefs are affected by the bleaching effect due to warmer temperature.

The following are the evidences water pollution
Colour, normally water is colorless, but when some of the substances become added in which are not friendly with water can be polluted. Therefore various water bodies in the world has been polluted by human activities like industries, transport, agriculture and other activities which are done by human, something which has added unwanted materials and makes various water bodies to change in colour and it is when water reaches a point of changing in colour means water has been polluted. A good example of where water has lost its former colour are; Ruaha river-Iringa, Hamahama river- America, Kene river at Germany also Rihogosa dam at Njombe where this dam has been polluted by Kibena industry which directs sewages towards that dam where now water has changed its former colour. Therefore through this evidence it implies that water has been polluted.
Smell, also water in terms of smell especially pure water has no bad smell but when water at any place if some of the unwanted materials has been added into water like garbage, plastic materials (Rambo), water become contaminated final produces a smell which is not conducive to human lives. Here at Iringa town there is Mchambawima Stream as a good example on this; where around that stream there is a bad smell which implies that water has been polluted, therefore this is one of the evidence of water pollution.
Taste of water, under normal circumstance water is tasteless when a person do prefer in tasting by drinking, if that water have no normal taste it is regarded that water has been polluted. A good example of this at Mchambawima stream- Iringa town the taste has changed, Ruaha River, Rihogosa Dam at Njombe, water in terms of taste has changed completely something which implies that water has been polluted. In addition wells’ water which is found near the toilets, taste of water also it is salt due to the streams from those toilets flow towards that wells, something leads water become polluted.
Garbage in water, fourteen billion pounds of garbage which is mostly plastic is dumped into the ocean every year from urban or cities most of that garbage is dumped to the water bodies. This shows the evidence of water pollution because if these substances are dumped into water bodies automatically water becomes polluted
Over 30 billion tons of urban sewage is discharged into water bodies like lakes, rivers and oceans. In many communities this problem arise after heavy rains when storm water containing animal wastes street debris and lawn chemical floods the sewers. As treatment plants become over loaded both runoff and raw sewage are diverted into water bodies. Example New York City alone has more than 500 storm water outlets that overflow in heavy rains pouring some 65 billion gallons of untreated sewage (about 10% of the city’s total sewage
Extinctions of living organisms like fishes, frogs and other living organisms, Aquatic ecosystems continue to be heavily degraded putting many ecosystem services at risk for example at Rihogosa dam 10 years ago many species of fish was there, though dumping unwanted materials in water has led such species to become disappeared up to now only Tilapia remained. These aquatic animals has faced extinction rate of five times more than that of terrestrial animals
Generally, the most useful strategy for controlling water pollution is to avoid producing or releasing unwanted or unfavourable substances into the environment in the first place. Industries can recycle or re use materials that otherwise could be discharged into the waste stream.

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