PROJECT ABOUT KALENGA ANG IRINGA MUNICIPLE IN TERMS OF SETTLEMENT
THIS IS THE ONE OF THE
PROJECT PREPARED
BY
KIWALE,
B.F.J.J.
ON
3th
January 2015
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
PAGES
Acknowledgement--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i
Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
CHAPTER
ONE
Areas and activity of the field
--------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Iringa municipal-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
§ Pattern--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
§ Morphorology-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
The model of urban structure in relation
to classical models.---------------------------------------4
The functions of iringa municipal in
relation to reality to other cities in the world---------------6
The
urbanization componets in iringa
municipal-----------------------------------------------------11
The
future trend of settlement in iringa
municipal----------------------------------------------------12
CHAPTER TWO
The
area between kalenga and iringa municipal------------------------------------------------------13
Kalenga
rural
district------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14-15
The
different noticeable between kalenga rural district and
Iringa municipal in terms of
function.---------------------------------------------------------------15-16
The
changing
settlement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
The
current and future trends of the settlement-----------------------------------------------------17-18
The
model structure of settlement in the
area-------------------------------------------------------18
The
comparisons between the areas (from iringa municipal to kalenga rural
district).-------18-19
The
difference between the areas (from iringa municipal to kalenga rural
district)------------19
CHAPTER THREE
Challenges
facing the settlent of iringa
municipality-----------------------------------------------19-21
Challenges
of kalenga rural district--------------------------------------------------------------------21
Suggestion
to overcome those
challenges------------------------------------------------------------21-23
Suggestion
for the challenges facing kalenga rural
district-----------------------------------------23
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thanks all people who supported us
to complete our field practical. One thanks should be directed to our
supervisors, MR. Mdage and Sanga, F. who supervised us in the whole field and
guided us in acquiring practical knowledge. Furthermore we would like to thanks
Mr. Madegela, the Uhindini entrepreneur who gave us information about the
street of Iringa municipal. Also Mr. Shaban Kisanga a dweller of Kitanzini
street who gave us about the historical background of Kitanzini street and Miss
Shakira Mhighari and Maria Kindole the dweller of Kalenga rural district who
narrated us about the economic activities, settlement plan and the land value
within Kalenga rural district,
ABSTRACT
The field was conducted on 3th January
2015 when we traveled from Iringa municipal to Kalenga rural district. The aim
of our journey was to examine the urban rural continuum between Iringa
municipality and Kalenga rural district in terms of settlement pattern,
functions, morphology and future trend as well as dynamism of settlement. Also
we aimed to examine the area between Kalenga and Iringa in terms of changes of
settlement pattern, functions, based on hierarchy, comparisons and contrasts
based on criteria and evidences of future trends in the area.
At 8: 00 am we began to make a walk to different
area of Iringa town. The aim of this walk was to observe the real evidence
about pattern, morphology, models, function and components of Iringa urban
settlement. The walk ended at 9:30 am, where we started a journey to Kalenga
district by bus. Also at Kalenga we started a walk to our field objectives. And
the field was ended at 3:30 pm.
CHAPTER
ONE
AREAS AND ACTIVITY OF THE FIELD
Our field trip was divided into three parts depending
on magnitude of hierarchy starting from Iringa municipal, area between Kalenga
and Iringa municipal as follows;
IRINGA MUNICIPAL
Within Iringa municipal we examined the settlement
in the following aspects.
a) Pattern
refers to the way in which settlement are distributed in a certain area. Or the
ways in which settlements are laid out on the landscape. This can include
nucleated, linear, sparse and spring line settlement pattern. All these
settlements pattern observed in Iringa region as follow;
i)
Nucleated
pattern
Refers to the place where there is concentrated of
houses and large population size in a certain area. For example of area in
Iringa municipal which are nucleated are Kitanzini, Miyomboni, Mashine tatu,
Barabara mbili and Frelimo. This nuclear form is due to presence of near good
services like markets, well improved roads, financial services both banks,
M-Pesa, Tigo pesa and airtel money. As well as improved health centers.
Photo (a) is an
example of nuclear settlement at Miyomboni street
ii)
Linear
pattern
Refers to the settlement located along the roads,
river or Railways. The area with linear settlements in Iringa municipal include
Ilala near Mkwawa road, Zizi la ng’ombe to Isakalilo along Kalenga roads,
Ipogolo along Mbeya road and Kihesa along
Dodoma roads.
Photo (b) is an
example of linear settlement along Dodoma road.
iii)
Spatial
pattern
Refers to the settlements where the houses are
scattered means they are distributed far apart from each other. The spatial
pattern in Iringa municipal are observed in areas like Donbosco, street near
Donbosco vocational training, Mkimbizi street and Majengo mapya near to
Mawelewele secondary school.
iv)
Spring
line pattern
Is the settlements which are placed along the foot
of mountain. In Iringa municipal there are several areas dominated with spring
settlement, these include Ipogolo area, and some parts like Wiloles street and
Ilala street.
Photo (C) A
Spring line pattern
b) Morphology. Refers
to the general configuration of the landscape and houses. This can involve the
analysis of physical structure at differences scales as well as pattern of
movement, land use control and occupation.
The
morphology of Iringa municipal is including both valley highland and flat area.
For example of settlement located on valley are Makolongoni, Ilala, Mkwawa, and
Ipogolo. While the highland settlement include Wilolesi, Mlandege, Kitanzini
and Frelimo.
Photo (d) A
morphology of Iringa stand to Frelimo
THE MODEL OF URBAN STRUCTURE IN RELATION TO
CLASSICAL MODELS.
Urban structure involves the way the city or town
are grown in an area in relation to spatial patterns which may show differences
and similarities in land use, social grouping and the way urban area have
developed economically and socially in relation to time change.
The model of Iringa municipal to some extent relates
to Burges classical model of urbanization. This is because some of these
assumptions are evident in Iringa municipal. Such assumptions are as follows;
i)
Transport systems were of limited
significance being equally, easy, rapid and cheap in all directions. This is
exemplified in Iringa municipal in terms of transport cost to different
direction from the centre of the town. For example from bus terminal to Kihesa,
to Mawelewele, to Ipogolo,to Mtwivila, To Isakalilo, to Tumaini. Their cost are
similar i.e. Tsh 400 per route.
ii)
The oldest buildings were in or close to
the city centre. This assumption in relating to Iringa municipal since there
are several area with old building near Iringa municipal centre such areas
include; Kitanzini Street, Barabara mbili and Miyomboni street.
Photo (e) is an
example of oldest building at Uhindini street
iii)
Land value were highest in the centre of
the city and decleaning outward to give a zoining of urban function and land
use. This assumption is relevant to Iringa municipal this is due to fact that
the value of site near the municipal centre is approximated to be above ten
millions Tanzania shillings. While the value of site far away from the municipal
center is below 5 millions of Tanzania shillings, for example at Isakalilo,
Mawelewele and Kalielo.
iv)
The poorer classes had to live near to
the city center and places of work as they could not afford transport and
expensive housing. This assumption is applicable to Iringa municipal due to
presence of many poor dwellers observed near work area like market area, shops
area, industries, for example at Kitanzini, Frelimo, Ilala and Mlandege.
Photo (f) is an
example of settlement of poor classes near to town at Kitanzini
THE FUNCTIONS OF IRINGA MUNICIPAL IN RELATION TO
REALITY TO OTHER CITIES IN THE WORLD
Like any other cities in the world such as London,
New York, Captown, Lusaka, also Iringa municipal have several functions which related
to reality. These function include;
i)
Iringa is trade or commercial center.
This is because there are different business activities which are conducted
including market centre like Iringa Soko kuu found in Miyomboni. Also there are
pet businesses which are conducted by the people who have small capital. In
reality the commercial activities are conducted in different urban areas in the
world apart from Iringa municipal.
Photo
(g) and (h) are examples of business activities at Iringa municipal.
ii)
Education centre. This is orbserved in
Iringa municipal due to presence of different learning institution such as
Ruaha Catholic University (RUCU) at Wiloles sreet Mkwawa University. Tourism
college near Kitanzini area and Mwembetogwa Secondary school.
Photo (i) a building of Ruaha Catholic University at
Iringa municipal.
iii)
Health centre. This is due to presence
of various hospital both private and public like Iringa regional hospital,
Agakhan hospital near Uhindini street, Frelimo hospital, the Green world
institution near bus stand.
Photo (j) Regional
Iringa municipal hospital.
iv)
Administrative and political functions.
These are also indicated by the presence of Iringa municipal administration
building near Miyomboni street, also presence of courts, Ministry of migration
police station. Also the presence of CCM building near Miyomboni Street
indicates political functions.
Photo (k) Iringa Administrative and political
function.
v)
Regious centre. This because of presence
of several mosques like Hideya Masjil at Frelimo, Ilala Masjid and Miyomboni
Masjid. Also there is several churches like Roman Catholic at Mshindo.
Photo (l) A mosque of Miyomboni Masjid
vi)
Recreation centre. This is due to
presence of Samora Stadium for sports and Games as well as for different
ceremonies. Also there is clup VIP, University corner (RUCU), Garden and Margic
site.
Photo (m) Iringa regional Garden
vii)
Transportation centre. This is due to
presence of Iringa central bus stand near Miyomboni street and also the
different routes for transportation like bus terminal to Kihesa, to Kalenga, to
Ipogolo, to Mkwawa and to Tumaini.
Photo (n) Iringa central bus stand
viii)
Industrial centre. In Iringa municipal
there are several manufacturing Industries such as Dabaga Saussage, Ivory
company at Ipogolo and Sembe mills at barabara Mbili Street.
THE URBANIZATION COMPONETS IN IRINGA MUNICIPAL
Urbanization is defined as the process which
involves an increasing proportional of the total population usually that lives
in town and cities. The components of urbanization include improvement of
infrastructure, social services, building, population and architecture. These
components in Iringa municipal are observed as follows;
i)
Social services, which are advance in nature. For
example presence of good health centre, education centre, electricity, security
and enough water supplies.
Photo (o) Iringa
police station.
ii)
Population, the Irings municipal have
large population size which is approximated to be 941,238 according to the
census of 2012 general report.
iii)
Infrastructure, this involves the
presence of improved roads like Dodoma road, Mbeya road, Mkwawa road, Kalenga
road and Frelimo road. Also is due to presence of high building such as TANESCO
floor building near the Mashine tatu.
iv)
Architecture system, this indicated by
the presence of well planned houses in Iringa to some extent influenced people
to live in Iringa. For example areas like Uhindini street which have well
planned house.
THE FUTURE TREND OF SETTLEMENT IN IRINGA MUNICIPAL
The assumption is that for several years to come the
municipal will be among of the huge city in Tanzania. This is due to the
following;
i)
Improvement of infrastructure, for
example now there is improvement of Dodoma road from Iringa centre. Also many
high building are being constructed to replace the old and poor building like
new high floor building near Miyomboni, Soko kuu and Mahine tatu.
Photo (p) high building in construction at Iringa
municipal.
ii)
Population. Where now days there are
rapid increase of population in Iringa municipal due to rural to urban
migration and improved health services which leads the results of low death
rate. This indicates that for the future time there will be large population in
Iringa municipal.
iii)
Also the current settlements in Iringa
are being expanding outward from the centre. For example there is construction
of new houses at Mwangata, Isakalilo, Donbosco, Mkwawa, Ipogolo. This indicates
the trend that for future time the Iringa municipal centre will increase
largely and there will be several small towns centre around the Iringa central
place.
CHAPTER
TWO
THE AREA BETWEEN KALENGA AND IRINGA MUNICIPAL
The area between Kalenga and Iringa municipal in
linear settlement due to houses which are located along the road and scattered
due to houses been far apart from each other.
The functions between Kalenga and Iringa municipal
are agriculture, local trade, cultural practice and social function.
Photo (q) Small
scale agriculture in Kalenga.
The comparison between Kalenga and Iringa municipal
is based highly on function since there are some functions which are performed
both in Iringa municipal and Kalenga are also performed in the area such
function are like;
i)
Social functions like Education centres,
Health centres, and Religious.
ii)
Trade
The contrasts between the area of Kalenga and
Iringa.
i)
Settlement arrangements, in Kalenga
there is poor settlement plan for example at Mwambao street and Lipuli village,
settlement are arraged zigzag while in Iringa municipal settlement are arranged
in a defined form such as high density sites and low density sites.
ii)
Land value, in Kalenga rural district
land value is cheap for example the land for 1 acre is approximately to TSH
less one million (according to Shakira Rugali and Maria Kindole). While in
Iringa municipal is more than One million thousands shallings per plot
(according to Shaban Kisanga)
KALENGA RURAL DISTRICT
The urban rural continuum, it is
variation of the scale of the rural of Kalenga rural district and Iringa
municipal. The urban rural continuum of Kalenga and Iringa municipal can be
noticeable in terms of function Kalenga rural district it is not typically
rural village but it is in the transitional to urban.
THE DIFFERENT NOTICEABLE BETWEEN
KALENGA RURAL DISTRICT AND IRINGA MUNICIPAL IN TERMS OF FUNCTION.
The differences between these areas
in terms of functions are as follow;
i)
Agriculture, the major activity of Kalenga
district is agriculture where crops are cultivated and irrigation is taking a
long the Ruaha river while Iringa municipal agriculture is taking place at low
scale. For example at Ipogolo along the Ruaha river agriculture is taking place
by assistance of Ruaha river.
Photo (r) Kalenga Ruaha River for irrigation
ii)
Administrative function, the
administrative function in Kalenga rural district is dominatedby local
government. While in Iringa municipal the administrative function is based on
central and local government. For example the regional offices and municipal
authorities.
iii)
Trade. The trade conducted in Kalenga
rural district is local in which simple commodities are sold, this is enduced
by the presence of local market. While in Iringa municipal there is high
advanced market of commodities in ares such as MiyombonKitanzini and in Mashine
tatu areas.Transport system. In Iringa municipal there is advanced transport
facilitaties like cars. While in Kalenga rural district thearea is much
dominated by local transport means like bicycles.
iv)
Social services. In Kalenga rural
district there are few social services foristance schools and dispensary. While
in Iringa municipal there are many social services like Banks, hospitals,
education institutions such as primary and secondary school colleges and
universities.
Photo (t)
Kalenga dispensary district.
THE CHANGING SETTLEMENT
In terms of buildings. The trend shows that the old
buildings are replaced by the modern or new buildings. Therefore this implies
that Kalenga rural district is grown to urban settlements.
In terms of space. According to Shakila Muhugali (a
dweller), said that open space are covered by the new building compared to the
past time. Therefore also we observed that there were many changes since the
old houses are replaced by the modern or new houses and at the places where
there were no houses, new houses are now built on it by the dwellers and
migrants.
THE CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF THE SETTLEMENT
The current trend of settlement of Kalenga rural
district is based on dynamism in nature since it is in transition from rural to
urban due to presence of demolition of old buildings be replaced by new
buildings covering of the open places by the new buildings.
The future trend of settlement of Kalenga will be
urban because the area will have many buildings and high population which
increase functions. So Kalenga area n coming years will be urban area.
THE MODEL STRUCTURE OF SETTLEMENT IN THE AREA
The model structure of settlement in Kalenga rural
district reflects the Burgess model of settlement since the old buildings are
closed nearby centre of Kalenga rural district while the new buildings are
extended outward the central place of Kalenga rural district.
The value of land is decreasing as you move from
Kalenga centre. For example the land value in Mwambao street is quite different
to the land value in Lipuli street. Therefore in these sense the settlement
reflect also the Burgess model of settlement.
THE COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE AREAS (FROM IRINGA
MUNICIPAL TO KALENGA RURAL DISTRICT).
In terms of functions
In both ares there was functions which are being
performed by people for example in Iringa municipal there administration
function, trade, transport, social and cultural as well as in Kalenga rural
district but in low level.
i)
Social services
ii)
In terms of settlement pattern both area
patterned in linear in some streets due to the presence of tarmac roads people
lives along the roads.
iii)
In terms of morphology. In both area
there are favour for establishment of settlement (flat land)
iv)
In terms of central place. Both area
have cental place for example the central place of Kalenga is a central place
to other place of Kalenga district.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AREAS (FROM IRINGA
MUNICIPAL TO KALENGA RURAL DISTRICT)
·
Population. In Iringa municipal
population is high compared to Kalenga rural district because there is low
population.
·
Economic activities. In Iringa municipal
there are non Agricultural activities like financial institution, processing
industries and trade but in Kalenga rura district the cultivation, fish keeping
(Igawa and Mkaga dam) , agriculture are dominated.
·
Social activities. In irnga municipal
there are many social activities like schools, water supply, hospitals, banks
compared to Kalenga rural district, there are few social services
·
Land value. In Iringa municipal the land
value is high compared to Kalenga rural district there is low land value.
CHAPTER
THREE
CHALLENGES FACING THE SETTLENT OF IRINGA
MUNICIPALITY
Iringa municipality founded with the good patterns
and morphology of the area. But there are challenges encountered the area in terms
of establishing the settlement. Therefore the challenges facing the Iringa
municipality are as follows;
§ Poor
sewage system. In Iringa municipal there are poor sewage systems in the area
like Makolongoni, Frelimo as well as Kitanzini. This is caused by the
concentration of buildings without looking on the cannals which is constructed
for purposes of draining water
Photo (u) Iringa
poor sewage system
§ Poor
arrangements of streets. For example Frelimo, Makolongoni, Kihesa Sokoni,
mashine tatu. Due to this poorer arrangement the area has been characterized
with various problems such as criminal offences and this is due to the nature
of land.
§ The
eruption of diseases. Such as Malaria, Typhoid and diarrhea. This is caused by
the poor sewage in the area. Also presence of the contaminated water in
Mchambawima River and poor waste disposal has been geared towards the eruption
of diseases.
§ The
problem of HIV/AIDS. This has been caused by presence of so many clubs,
Universities and so much integration of people. However, the spread of these
dangerous diseases has been caused and still causing the loss of manpower that
would help the development of municipal and national wide.
§ Unemployment.
A large number of people become jobless. This led to the emergence of social
problems such as robbering, steeling and prostitution in the area. Also due to
such situation young are engaging in drug abuse which results to increase of
social criminals
§ Street
children. This is another of the challenge which facing Iringa municipal, it is
caused by the carelessness of the parents, others are being halted by their
parents or guardians.
CHALLENGES OF KALENGA RURAL DISTRICT
·
Shortage of social services. For example
hospitals, schools and financial institutions which are very important to the
people. The service offered at Kalenga rural district is not satisfied to the
people found in the area.
·
Poor living standard of the people. Due
to low income people failed to meet their basic needs which are necessary to
their living. Also most of the people found at Kalenga live in the old houses
which are not appropriate to them.
·
Unemployment. The people of Kalenga most
of them depend on a single resources which is agriculture. So this led to the
people to have seasonal job for stance
the rain season which favoured them to engage in the agriculture. Hence
during dry season people lack the task to perform.
SUGGESTION TO OVERCOME THOSE CHALLEGES
o
Improvements of sewage system. In Iringa
municipal need to have the proper sewage system of waste so as to protect the
environment from diseases like malaria, Typhoid caused by the poor sewage
system. In area like Makolongoni, Kitanzini and Frelimo need to be improved as
to create the good environment through construction of cannals.
o
Diversification of various sectors. Due
to the problem of unemployment the people of Iringa municipal need to engage on
various sectors like trade rather than depending only the employment from
government. In order to avoid eruption of diseases the people of Iringa
municipal need to protect the environment through clearing the glasses around
the houses to avoid diseases like malaria, also the people need to attend
hospital to check the body, maintenance of personal hygiene and the waste disposal in
general to avoid the eruption of diseases like typhoid.
o
Provision of education. People have to
be given education on how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, how to take care of
themselves and the general effects of the diseases to the region and country as
well.
SUGGESTION FOR THE CHALLENGES FACING KALENGA RURAL
DISTRICT
·
Improvement of social services. There
should be improvement of social services in Kalenga rural district to support
the life of people of Kalenga for stance hospitals, schools and financial like
banks to run different activities including trade agriculture.
·
Provision of employment to the people.
The government needs to provide employment to the people of Kalenga in
different sectors so as to avoid thieves, prostitution and social crimes. The
provision of employment can reduce the crimes within Kalenga rural district.
·
Improvement of sanitation. In Kalenga
rural district there should be proper waste disposal, improvement of
environment through cleaning of glasses around houses. The people of Kalenga
rural district need to avoid dumping of waste everywhere so as to protect the
environment and also to avoid the eruption of diseases.
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