THE
EVIDENCE OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE WORLD
I’m Kiwale Brasto, Festo. @ 2016
Ruaha Catholic University- Iringa, Tanzania
Published from Kiwale Company Publishers
This
handout is here to help all people, therefore all right
reserved no one would be allowed to copy, print, or any kind of
plagiarism is involved, but read then leave it as it is.
Introduction
Water
pollution is the discharge into water of substances that cause unfavorable
changes in its quantity and quality of the organisms living in the water. OR
Water
pollution is the presence of any foreign substances (organic, inorganic or
biological) in water which tends to degrade the quality of water hence constitutes
hazard on impact the usefulness of water.
Water
pollution can be caused by sewage from domestic households, factories and
commercial buildings sewage that is treated in water treatment plants is often
disposed into the sea, dumping solid wasted by humans in rivers, lakes and
oceans, industrial waste from factories which use fresh water to carry waste
from the plant into rivers contaminates water with pollutants such as Lead,
mercury and petrochemicals, oil pollution caused by oil spills from tankers and
oil from ship travel and burning of fossil fuels into air causes the formation
of acidic rains.
Also water pollution can affect ground water
contamination from pesticide causes reproductive damage within wild life in
ecosystem, sewage, fertilizers and agricultural runoff contain organic
materials that when discharged into waters, swimming in and drinking
contaminated water causes skin rashes and health problems like cancer, and
ecosystems are destroyed by the rising temperature in water as coral reefs are
affected by the bleaching effect due to warmer temperature.
The following are the evidences
water pollution
Colour, normally water is colorless, but
when some of the substances become added in which are not friendly with water
can be polluted. Therefore various water bodies in the world has been polluted
by human activities like industries, transport, agriculture and other
activities which are done by human, something which has added unwanted
materials and makes various water bodies to change in colour and it is when
water reaches a point of changing in colour means water has been polluted. A
good example of where water has lost its former colour are; Ruaha river-Iringa,
Hamahama river- America, Kene river at Germany also Rihogosa dam at Njombe
where this dam has been polluted by Kibena industry which directs sewages towards
that dam where now water has changed its former colour. Therefore through this
evidence it implies that water has been polluted.
Smell,
also water in terms of smell especially pure water has no bad smell but when
water at any place if some of the unwanted materials has been added into water
like garbage, plastic materials (Rambo), water become contaminated final
produces a smell which is not conducive to human lives. Here at Iringa town
there is Mchambawima Stream as a good example on this; where around that stream
there is a bad smell which implies that water has been polluted, therefore this
is one of the evidence of water pollution.
Taste
of water, under normal circumstance water is tasteless when a person do prefer
in tasting by drinking, if that water have no normal taste it is regarded that
water has been polluted. A good example of this at Mchambawima stream- Iringa
town the taste has changed, Ruaha River, Rihogosa Dam at Njombe, water in terms
of taste has changed completely something which implies that water has been polluted.
In addition wells’ water which is found near the toilets, taste of water also
it is salt due to the streams from those toilets flow towards that wells,
something leads water become polluted.
Garbage in water, fourteen
billion pounds of garbage which is mostly plastic is dumped into the ocean
every year from urban or cities most of that garbage is dumped to the water
bodies. This shows the evidence of water pollution because if these substances
are dumped into water bodies automatically water becomes polluted
Over 30 billion tons of urban sewage is discharged
into water bodies like lakes, rivers and oceans. In many communities this
problem arise after heavy rains when storm water containing animal wastes
street debris and lawn chemical floods the sewers. As treatment plants become
over loaded both runoff and raw sewage are diverted into water bodies. Example
New York City alone has more than 500 storm water outlets that overflow in
heavy rains pouring some 65 billion gallons of untreated sewage (about 10% of
the city’s total sewage
Extinctions of living organisms like fishes, frogs and
other living organisms, Aquatic ecosystems continue to be heavily degraded
putting many ecosystem services at risk for example at Rihogosa dam 10 years
ago many species of fish was there, though dumping unwanted materials in water
has led such species to become disappeared up to now only Tilapia remained. These
aquatic animals has faced extinction rate of five times more than that of
terrestrial animals
Generally, the most useful strategy for controlling
water pollution is to avoid producing or releasing unwanted or unfavourable
substances into the environment in the first place. Industries can recycle or
re use materials that otherwise could be discharged into the waste stream.
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